No Longer Hidden Notes

Data in this report are weighted, self-reported estimates from the 2016–17 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), administered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Chicago is only included when Illinois does not ask the question, due to the way they collect their data.

All data are reliable and significant at p≤0.05 unless otherwise noted below.

Quotes were collected through anonymous online surveys in the summer of 2019.

Demographics

High School Students by Housing Status and Type of Homelessness (housed/homeless and unaccompanied/not unaccompanied)

Housing status n=5,288,243

Type of homelessness n=437,195

In the past 30 days, where did you usually sleep?

• In my parent’s or guardian’s home
• In the home of a friend, family member, or other person because I had to leave my home or my parent or guardian cannot afford housing
• In a shelter or emergency housing
• In a motel or hotel
• In a car, park, campground, or other public place
• I do not have a usual place to sleep
• Somewhere else

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CA, Cleveland, CO, CT, DE, DeKalb County, HI, ID, IL, KS, KY, Los Angeles, MA, ME, MT, NC, NH, NM, NYC, Oakland, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VA, VT, WI

Note: NYC asked a slight variation of this question that also included “in a foster or group home” as a response. Those students were counted as housed in our analysis.

During the past 30 days, did you ever sleep away from your parents or guardians because you were kicked out, ran away, or were abandoned?

• Yes
• No

Sites included in analysis: AR, CA, CT, MA, NC, NH, NYC, Oakland, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia

Note: Due to how Chicago data are collected, we were unable to include Chicago in our analysis of unaccompanied students, although they did include the question on their survey. NYC asked a slight variation of this question with a time period of 12 months. In the report, homeless refers to students that answered they slept anywhere other than in their parent’s or guardian’s home, students that answered they did sleep away from their parents or guardians, and students that answered both of those questions. Students were housed if they slept in their parent’s or guardian’s home anddid not sleep away from their parents or guardians because they were kicked out, ran away, or were abandoned.

Where do homeless high school students sleep?

Where homeless high school students sleep n=291,944

In the past 30 days, where did you usually sleep?

• In my parent’s or guardian’s home
• In the home of a friend, family member, or other person because I had to leave my home or my parent or guardian cannot afford housing
• In a shelter or emergency housing
• In a motel or hotel
• In a car, park, campground, or other public place
• I do not have a usual place to sleep
• Somewhere else

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CA, Cleveland, CO, CT, DE, DeKalb County, HI, ID, IL, KS, KY, Los Angeles, MA, ME, MT, NC, NH, NM, NYC, Oakland, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VA, VT, WI

Student homelessness by race/ethnicity

Homeless race/ethnicity n=401,901

Housed race/ethnicity n=4,705,352

Are you Hispanic or Latino?

• Yes
• No

What is your race?

• Am Indian/Alaska Native
• Asian
• Black or African American
• Native Hawaiian/Other PI
• White
• Hispanic/Latino
• Multiple – Hispanic
• Multiple – Non-Hispanic

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CA, Cleveland, CO, CT, DE, DeKalb County, ID, IL, KS, KY, Los Angeles, MA, ME, MT, NM, NH, NYC, NC, Oakland, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VA, VT, WI

Note: Hawaii is not included in our analysis of students homeless by race/ethnicity because their response categories differed in a way that made it difficult to combine them with other sites. Hispanic/Latino and Multiple – Hispanic were combined into one group in the chart. These two questions were combined into one race/ethnicity chart based on the CDC’s analysis.

Sex of high school students

Homeless sex n=421,935

Housed sex n=4,823,976

What is your sex?

• Female
• Male

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CA, Cleveland, CO, CT, DE, DeKalb County, HI, ID, IL, KS, KY, Los Angeles, MA, ME, MT, NC, NH, NM, NYC, Oakland, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VA, VT, WI

Percent of high school students who identified as LGBTQ

Homeless LGBTQ status n=386,165

Housed LGBTQ status n=4,107,181

Which of the following best describes you?

• Heterosexual (straight)
• Gay or lesbian
• Bisexual
• Not sure

Sites included in analysis: AR, CA, Cleveland, CO, CT, DE, DeKalb County, HI, IL, KY, Los Angeles, MA, ME, NC, NH, NM, NYC, Oakland, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VT, WI

Note: Students who responded “Not sure” were included as questioning.

Some people describe themselves as transgender when their sex at birth does not match the way they think or feel about their gender. Are you transgender?

• No, I am not transgender
• Yes, I am transgender
• I am not sure if I am transgender
• I do not know what this question is asking

Sites included in analysis: CA, Cleveland, CO, DE, HI, Los Angeles, ME, MA, NYC, Oakland, WI

Do you consider yourself transgender, genderqueer, or genderfluid?

• No, I am not transgender, genderqueer, or genderfluid
• Yes, I am transgender, genderqueer, or genderfluid
• I am not sure if I am transgender, genderqueer, or genderfluid
• I do not know what this question is asking

Sites included in analysis: NM

Note: These questions were combined into one LGBTQ variable. Students were LGBTQ if they answered that they were gay or lesbian, bisexual, or not sure and/or if they were transgender.

Physical Health and Nutrition

Average hours of sleep per night

Homeless hours of sleep n=417,476

Housed hours of sleep n=4,696,605

On an average school night, how many hours of sleep do you get?

• 4 or less hours
• 5 hours
• 6 hours
• 7 hours
• 8 hours
• 9 hours
• 10 or more hours

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, HI, IL, KS, KY, Los Angeles, MA, ME, MT, NC, NH, NM, NYC, Oakland, Palm Beach, PA, Philadelphia, WI, DeKalb County, Cleveland

Percent of students who did not eat breakfast, fruits, or vegetables in the past week

Homeless breakfast n=395,236

Housed breakfast n=4,219,177

Homeless fruit n=428,704

Housed fruit n=4,807,395

Homeless vegetables n=419,786

Housed vegetables n=4,552,695

During the past seven days, on how many days did you eat breakfast?

• 0 days
• 1 day
• 2 days
• 3 days
• 4 days
• 5 days
• 6 days
• 7 days

Sites included in analysis: AR, CA, Chicago, CO, Cleveland, CT, DE, DeKalb County, HI, ID, KS, KY, Los Angeles, MA, NC, NM, MT, NYC, Oakland, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VA, VT, WI

During the past 7 days, how many times did you eat green salad?

• I did not eat green salad during the past 7 days
• 1 to 3 times during the past 7 days
• 4 to 6 times during the past 7 days
• 1 time per day
• 2 times per day
• 3 times per day
• 4 or more times per day

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CA, Cleveland, CT, DeKalb County, HI, ID, IL, KS, KY, Los Angeles, MA, MT, NC, NH, NM, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VA, VT, WI

During the past 7 days, how many times did you eat vegetables or salad?

• I did not eat vegetables or salad during the past 7
• days
• 1 to 3 times during the past 7 days
• 4 to 6 times during the past 7 days
• 1 time per day
• 2 times per day
• 3 times per day
• 4 or more times per day

Sites included in analysis: DE

During the past 7 days, how many times did you eat vegetables, such as carrots, green salad, corn, or green beans?

• I did not eat vegetables during the past 7 days
• 1 to 3 times during the past 7 days
• 4 to 6 times during the past 7 days
• 1 time per day
• 2 times per day
• 3 times per day
• 4 or more times per day

Sites included in analysis: ME

During the past 7 days, how many times did you eat vegetables such as green salad, carrots, green beans, or other vegetables?

• I did not eat vegetables during the past 7 days
• 1 to 3 times during the past 7 days
• 4 to 6 times during the past 7 days
• 1 time per day
• 2 times per day
• 3 times per day
• 4 or more times per day

Sites included in analysis: NYC

During the past 7 days, how many times did you eat carrots?

• I did not eat carrots during the past 7 days
• 1 to 3 times during the past 7 days
• 4 to 6 times during the past 7 days
• 1 time per day
• 2 times per day
• 3 times per day
• 4 or more times per day

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CA, Chicago, Cleveland, CT, DeKalb County, HI, ID, IL, KS, KY, Los Angeles, MA, MT, NC, NM, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VA, VT, WI

During the past 7 days, how many times did you eat other vegetables?

• I did not eat other vegetables during the past 7 days
• 1 to 3 times during the past 7 days
• 4 to 6 times during the past 7 days
• 1 time per day
• 2 times per day
• 3 times per day
• 4 or more times per day

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CA, Cleveland, CT, DeKalb County, HI, ID, IL, KS, KY, Los Angeles, MA, MT, NC, NM, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VA, VT, WI

Note: Questions about individual vegetables were combined into one vegetable indicator. Students were considered as having eaten no vegetables in the past 7 days if they responded as such to all vegetable questions.

During the past 7 days, how many times did you eat fruit?

• I did not eat fruit during the past 7 days
• 1 to 3 times during the past 7 days
• 4 to 6 times during the past 7 days
• 1 time per day
• 2 times per day
• 3 times per day
• 4 or more times per day

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CA, Cleveland, CO, CT, DeKalb County, DE, HI, ID, IL, KS, KY, Los Angeles, MA, ME, MT, NH, NM, NYC, NC, Oakland, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VA, VT, WI

Number of days students got at least 60 minutes of physical activity in the past week

Homeless physical activity n=430,344

Housed physical activity n=4,795,583

During the past 7 days, on how many days were you physically active for a total of at least 60 minutes per day?

• 0 days
• 1 day
• 2 days
• 3 days
• 4 days
• 5 days
• 6 days
• 7 days

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CA, Cleveland, CO, CT, DE, DeKalb County, HI, ID, IL, KS, KY, Los Angeles, MA, ME, MT, NC, NH, NM, NYC, Oakland, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VA, VT, WI

Percent of students diagnosed with asthma

Homeless asthma n=359,212

Housed asthma n=4,107,534

Has a doctor or nurse ever told you that you have asthma?

• Yes
• No
• Not sure

Sites included in analysis: AR, CA, DE, DeKalb County, HI, ID, IL, KS, KY, Los Angeles, ME, MT, NC, NM, NYC, Oakland, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VA, VT, WI

Timing of most recent doctor’s visit

Homeless doctor’s visit n=37,532

Housed doctor’s visit n=314,461

When was the last time you saw a doctor or nurse for a check-up or physical exam when you were not sick or injured?

• During the past 12 months
• Between 12 and 24 months ago
• More than 24 months ago
• Never
• Not sure

Sites included in analysis: Chicago, Cleveland, CT, HI, NH, Palm Beach

Note: the comparison between homeless and housed students for the “Not sure” response is not significant at the p=0.05 level. Interpret data with caution.

Timing of most recent dentist visit

Homeless dentist’s visit n= 344,039

Housed dentist’s visit n= 3,741,916

When was the last time you saw a dentist for a check-up, exam, teeth cleaning, or other dental work?

• During the past 12 months
• Between 12 and 24 months ago
• More than 24 months ago
• Never
• Not sure

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CA, CT, DeKalb County, HI, ID, IL, KY, Los Angeles, MT, NH, NM, NYC, Oakland, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VA, WI

Mental Health

Percent of students who were depressed and percent of students who hurt themselves on purpose

Homeless depressed n= 392,953

Housed depressed n= 4,783,629

Homeless self-harm n= 146,121

Housed self-harm n= 1,501,641

During the past 12 months, did you ever feel so sad or hopeless almost every day for two weeks or more in a row that you stopped doing some usual activities?

• Yes
• No

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CA, Cleveland, CO, CT, DE, DeKalb County, HI, ID, IL, KS, KY, Los Angeles, MA, ME, MT, NC, NH, NM, NYC, Oakland, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VA, VT, WI

During the past 12 months, how many times did you do something to purposely hurt yourself without wanting to die, such as cutting or burning yourself on purpose?

• 0 times
• 1 time
• 2 or 3 times
• 4 or 5 times
• 6 or more times

Sites included in analysis: CT, Cleveland, DE, HI, ID, KY, NH, NM, NYC, Oakland, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VT, WI

Percent of students who had suicidal thoughts and percent of students who made suicide plans

Homeless suicidal thoughts n= 404,430

Housed suicidal thoughts n= 4,793,586

Homeless suicide plan n= 352,080

Housed suicide plan n= 4,469,373

During the past 12 months, did you ever seriously consider attempting suicide?

• Yes
• No

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CA, Cleveland, CO, CT, DE, DeKalb County, HI, ID, IL, KS, KY, Los Angeles, MA, ME, MT, NC, NH, NM, NYC, Oakland, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VA, WI

During the past 12 months, did you make a plan about how you would attempt suicide?

• Yes
• No

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CA, CO, DE, DeKalb County, HI, ID, IL, KS, KY, Los Angeles, MA, ME, MT, NC, NH, NM, Oakland, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VA, VT, WI

Percent of students who attempted suicide

Homeless suicide attempts n= 333,582

Housed suicide attempts n= 4,292,250

During the past 12 months, how many times did you actually attempt suicide?

• 0 times
• 1 time
• 2 or 3 times
• 4 or 5 times
• 6 or more times

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CA, Cleveland, CO, CT, DE, DeKalb County, HI, ID, IL, KS, KY, Los Angeles, MA, ME, MT, NC, NH, NM, NYC, Oakland, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VA, VT, WI

Percent of students who required medical attention after a suicide attempt

Homeless medical attention n= 38,061

Housed medical attention n= 184,991

If you attempted suicide during the past 12 months, did any attempt result in an injury, poisoning, or overdose that had to be treated by a doctor or nurse?

• I did not attempt suicide during the past 12 months
• Yes
• No

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CA, DE, DeKalb County, HI, ID, IL, KS, KY, Los Angeles, MA, MT, NC, NH, NM, NYC, Oakland, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VA, WI

Note: Students who said they did not attempt suicide were included in the denominator, so the percent of students that did require medical attention is out of all students, not just those that attempted suicide.

Relationship Violence and Sexual Risks

Percent of students who experienced abuse by a partner during past year

Homeless emotional abuse n= 118,897

Housed emotional abuse n=1,420,792

Homeless physical abuse n=391,727

Housed physical abuse n=4,701,519

Homeless forced sexual things n= 230,612

Housed forced sexual things n= 2,662,710

During the past 12 months, how many times did someone you were dating or going out with purposely try to control you or emotionally hurt you?

• I did not date or go out with anyone during the past 12 months
• 0 times
• 1 time
• 2 or 3 times
• 4 or 5 times
• 6 or more times

Sites included in analysis: CA, CT, DE, HI, ID, NH

During the past 12 months, how many times did someone you were dating or going out with physically hurt you on purpose?

• I did not date or go out with anyone during the past 12 months
• 0 times
• 1 time
• 2 or 3 times
• 4 or 5 times
• 6 or more times

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CA, Cleveland, CO, CT, DE, DeKalb County, HI, ID, IL, KS, KY, Los Angeles, MA, ME, MT, NC, NH, NM, NYC, Oakland, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VA, VT, WI

During the past 12 months, how many times did someone you were dating or going out with force you to do sexual things that you did not want to do?

• I did not date or go out with anyone during the past 12 months
• 0 times
• 1 time
• 2 or 3 times
• 4 or 5 times
• 6 or more times

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, Cleveland, CT, DE, IL, KS, KY, Los Angeles, MA, MT, NC, NH, NYC, Oakland, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VT, WI

Percent of students who experienced sexual violence

Homeless forced sexual things by anyone n=332,531

Housed forced sexual things by anyone n=3,477,343

Homeless forced sexual intercourse n=4,262,795

Housed forced sexual intercourse n=363,114

Have you ever been physically forced to have sexual intercourse when you did not want to?

• Yes
• No

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CA, Cleveland, CO, CT, DE, DeKalb County, HI, ID, IL, KS, KY, Los Angeles, MA, ME, MT, NC, NH, NM, Oakland, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VT, WI

During the past 12 months, how many times did anyone force you to do sexual things that you did not want to do?

• 0 times
• 1 time
• 2 or 3 times
• 4 or 5 times
• 6 or more times

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CA, DE, DeKalb County, HI, ID, IL, KY, Los Angeles, MA, MT, NC, NH, NM, Oakland, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia

Percent of students who engaged in unsafe sexual behaviors

Homeless sex by 13 n= 255,648

Housed sex by 13 n= 4,028,057

Homeless no condom n= 152,220

Housed no condom n= 1,318,284

How old were you when you had sexual intercourse for the first time?

• I have never had sexual intercourse
• 11 years old or younger
• 12 years old
• 13 years old
• 14 years old
• 15 years old
• 16 years old
• 17 years old or older

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CA, Cleveland, CO, CT, DE, DeKalb County, HI, ID, IL, KS, KY, Los Angeles, MA, ME, MT, NC, NH, NM, NYC, Oakland, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VT, WI

The last time you had sexual intercourse, did you or your partner use a condom?

• I have never had sexual intercourse
• Yes
• No

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CA, Cleveland, CO, CT, DE, DeKalb County, HI, ID, IL, KS, KY, Los Angeles, ME, MA, MT, NC, NH, NM, NYC, Oakland, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VT, WI

Percent of students who had been or gotten someone pregnant

Homeless pregnant n= 164,727

Housed pregnant n= 1,782,475

How many times have you been pregnant or gotten someone pregnant?

• 0 times
• 1 time
• 2 or more times
• Not sure

Sites included in analysis: CA, Chicago, Cleveland, CT, DE, MA

During the past 12 months, have you been pregnant or gotten someone pregnant?

• Yes
• No
• Not sure

Sites included in analysis: NYC 

Drug and Alcohol Use

Percent of students who first tried alcohol by age 12

Homeless alcohol by 12 n= 347,807

Housed alcohol by 12 n= 4,354,413

How old were you when you had your first drink of alcohol other than a few sips?

• I have never had a drink of alcohol other than a few sips
• 8 years old or younger
• 9 or 10 years old
• 11 or 12 years old
• 13 or 14 years old
• 15 or 16 years old
• 17 years old or older

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CA, Cleveland, CO, CT, DE, DeKalb County, HI, ID, IL, KS, KY, Los Angeles, ME, MT, NC, NH, NM, NYC, Oakland, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VA, VT, WI

Alcohol consumption in the past month

Homeless alcohol consumption n= 306,721

Housed alcohol consumption n= 4,465,363

During the past 30 days, on how many days did you have at least one drink of alcohol?

• 0 days
• 1 or 2 days
• 3 to 5 days
• 6 to 9 days
• 10 to 19 days
• 20 to 29 days
• All 30 days

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CA, Cleveland, CO, CT, DE, DeKalb County, HI, ID, IL, KS, KY, Los Angeles, ME, MA, MT, NC, NH, NM, NYC, Oakland, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VA, VT, WI

Binge drinking in the past month

Homeless binge drinking n= 328,117

Housed binge drinking n= 4286142

During the past 30 days, on how many days did you have 4 or more drinks of alcohol in a row (if you are female) or 5 or more drinks of alcohol in a row (if you are male)?

• 0 days
• 1 day
• 2 days
• 3 to 5 days
• 6 to 9 days
• 10 to 19 days
• 20 or more days

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CA, Cleveland, CO, CT, DE, DeKalb County, HI, ID, IL, KS, KY, Los Angeles, MA, ME, MT, NC, NH, NM, NYC, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VT, VA,

Percent of students who first tried cigarettes by age 12

Homeless cigarettes by age 12 n= 275,774

Housed cigarettes by age 12 n= 3,744,149

How old were you when you first tried cigarette smoking, even one or two puffs?

• I have never tried cigarette smoking, not even one or two puffs
• 8 years old or younger
• 9 or 10 years old
• 11 or 12 years old
• 13 or 14 years old
• 15 or 16 years old
• 17 years old or older

Sites included in analysis: AR, CA, Cleveland, DE, DeKalb County, HI, ID, IL, KS, KY, Los Angeles, MA, MT, NH, NM, Oakland, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VA, VT, WI

Cigarette smoking in the past month

Homeless cigarette smoking in past month n= 371,608

Housed cigarette smoking in past month n= 4,743,599

During the past 30 days, on how many days did you smoke cigarettes?

• 0 days
• 1 or 2 days
• 3 to 5 days
• 6 to 9 days
• 10 to 19 days
• 20 to 29 days
• All 30 days

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CA, Cleveland, CO, CT, DE, DeKalb County, HI, ID, IL, KS, KY, Los Angeles, MA, ME, MT, NC, NH, NM, NYC, Oakland, Palm Beach, PA, Philadelphia, VA, VT, WI

Vaping in the past month

Homeless vaping in past month n= 342,781

Housed vaping in past month n= 4,372,048

During the past 30 days, on how many days did you use an electronic vapor product?

• 0 days
• 1 or 2 days
• 3 to 5 days
• 6 to 9 days
• 10 to 19 days
• 20 to 29 days
• All 30 days

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CA, Cleveland, CO, DE, DeKalb County, HI, ID, IL, KS, KY, Los Angeles, ME, MA, MT, NC, NH, NM, NYC, Oakland, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VA, VT, WI

Percent of students who first tried marijuana by age 12

Homeless marijuana by age 12 n= 377,999

Housed marijuana by age 12 n= 4,748,017

How old were you when you tried marijuana for the first time?

• I have never tried marijuana
• 8 years old or younger
• 9 or 10 years old
• 11 or 12 years old
• 13 or 14 years old
• 15 or 16 years old
• 17 years old or older

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CA, Cleveland, CO, CT, DE, DeKalb County, HI, ID, IL, KS, KY, Los Angeles, MA, ME, MT, NC, NH, NM, NYC, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VA, VT, WI

Marijuana use in the last month

Homeless marijuana past 30 days n= 388,803

Housed marijuana past 30 days n= 4,775,151

During the past 30 days, how many times did you use marijuana?

• 0 times
• 1 or 2 times
• 3 to 9 times
• 10 to 19 times
• 20 to 39 times
• 40 or more times

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CA, Cleveland, CO, CT, DE, DeKalb County, HI, ID, IL, KS, KY, Los Angeles, MA, ME, MT, NC, NH, NM, NYC, Oakland, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VA, VT, WI

Percent of students who used drugs in their lifetimes

Homeless heroin n= 238,111

Housed heroin n= 2,854,820

Homeless meth n= 307,297

Housed meth n= 3,441,703

Homeless cocaine n= 291,146

Housed cocaine n= 3,327,524

Homeless ecstasy n= 317,384

Housed ecstasy n= 3,595,541

Homeless inhalants n= 349,170

Housed inhalants n= 3,786,498

Homeless synthetic marijuana n= 295,173

Housed synthetic marijuana n= 2,968,484

Homeless steroids n= 266,800

Housed steroids n= 2,674,295

Homeless prescription pain medication n= 380,122

Housed prescription pain medication n=4,355,097

During your life, how many times have you used any form of cocaine, including powder, crack, or freebase?

• 0 times
• 1 or 2 times
• 3 to 9 times
• 10 to 19 times
• 20 to 39 times
• 40 or more times

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CO, CT, DE, DeKalb County, HI, IL, KY, Los Angeles, MA, MT, NC, NM, NYC, Oakland, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VA, VT, WI

During your life, how many times have you sniffed glue, breathed the contents of aerosol spray cans, or inhaled any paints or sprays to get high?

• 0 times
• 1 or 2 times
• 3 to 9 times
• 10 to 19 times
• 20 to 39 times
• 40 or more times

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CA, CO, CT, DeKalb County, HI, ID, IL, KS, KY, Los Angeles, ME, MT, NC, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VT, WI

During your life, how many times have you used heroin (also called smack, junk, or China White)?

• 0 times
• 1 or 2 times
• 3 to 9 times
• 10 to 19 times
• 20 to 39 times
• 40 or more times

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CO, CT, DE, DeKalb County, HI, ID, IL, KY, Los Angeles, MA, MT, NH, NM, NYC, Oakland, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VA, VT

During your life, how many times have you used methamphetamines (also called speed, crystal, crank, or ice)?

• 0 times
• 1 or 2 times
• 3 to 9 times
• 10 to 19 times
• 20 to 39 times
• 40 or more times

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, HI, ID, IL, KS, Los Angeles, MA, MT, NH, NM, Oakland, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VT

During your life, how many times have you used ecstasy (also called MDMA)?

• 0 times
• 1 or 2 times
• 3 to 9 times
• 10 to 19 times
• 20 to 39 times
• 40 or more times

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, DeKalb County, HI, ID, IL, KS, KY, Los Angeles, MA, MT, NH, NM, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia,

During your life, how many times have you used synthetic marijuana (also called K2, Spice, fake weed, King Kong, Yucatan Fire, Skunk, or Moon Rocks)?

• 0 times
• 1 or 2 times
• 3 to 9 times
• 10 to 19 times
• 20 to 39 times
• 40 or more times

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CA, CT, DE, DeKalb County, HI, ID, KS, KY, Los Angeles, MA, MT, NH, NYC, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia

During your life, how many times have you taken steroid pills or shots without a doctor’s prescription?

• 0 times
• 1 or 2 times
• 3 to 9 times
• 10 to 19 times
• 20 to 39 times
• 40 or more times

Sites included in analysis: AR, CA, DE, ID, IL, KY, Los Angeles, MT, Oakland, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia

During your life, how many times have you taken prescription pain medicine without a doctor’s prescription or differently than how a doctor told you to use it?

• 0 times
• 1 or 2 times
• 3 to 9 times
• 10 to 19 times
• 20 to 39 times
• 40 or more times

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CA, Cleveland, CO, CT, DE, DeKalb County, HI, ID, IL, KS, KY, Los Angeles, ME, MT, NM, NC, Oakland, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VT, VA, WI,

School Climate

Percent of students who missed school during the past month due to feeling unsafe

Homeless missed school n=414,050

Housed missed school n=4,660,448

During the past 30 days, on how many days did you not go to school because you felt you would be unsafe at school or on your way to or from school?

• 0 days
• 1 day
• 2 or 3 days
• 4 or 5 days
• 6 or more days

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CA, Cleveland, CO, CT, DE, DeKalb County, HI, ID, IL, KS, Los Angeles, MA, ME, MT, NC, NH, NM, NYC, Oakland, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VT, VA, WI

Percent of students who were bullied at school or electronically during the past year

Homeless bullying n=405,251

Housed bullying n=4,824,918

During the past 12 months, have you ever been bullied on school property?

• Yes
• No

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CA, Cleveland, CO, CT, DE, DeKalb County, HI, ID, IL, KS, KY, Los Angeles, MA, ME, MT, NC, NH, NM, NYC, Oakland, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VA, WI

During the past 12 months, have you ever been electronically bullied?

• Yes
• No

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CA, Cleveland, CO, CT, DE, DeKalb County, HI, ID, IL, KS, KY, Los Angeles, MA, ME, MT, NC, NH, NYC, Oakland, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VA, VT, WI

Note: Both bullying questions were combined into one bullying indicator.

Percent of students who were threatened, carried a weapon, or were in a physical fight at school

Homeless threatened n= 416,503

Housed threatened n= 4,669,390

Homeless weapon n= 385,817

Housed weapon n= 4,557,305

Homeless fight n= 325,494

Housed fight n= 4,087,045

During the past 12 months, how many times has someone threatened or injured you with a weapon such as a gun, knife, or club on school property?

• 0 times
• 1 time
• 2 or 3 times
• 4 or 5 times
• 6 or 7 times
• 8 or 9 times
• 10 or 11 times
• 12 or more times

Sites included in analysis: AR, CA, Cleveland, CO, CT, DE, DeKalb County, ID, IL, KS, KY, Los Angeles, MA, ME, MT, NC, NH, NYC, Oakland, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VA, VT, WI

During the past 30 days, on how many days did you carry a weapon such as a gun, knife, or club on school property?

• 0 days
• 1 day
• 2 or 3 days
• 4 or 5 days
• 6 or more days

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, DeKalb County, ID, IL, KY, MA, ME, MT, NC, NH, NM, NYC, Oakland, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VA, VT, WI

During the past 12 months, how many times were you in a physical fight on school property?

• 0 times
• 1 time
• 2 or 3 times
• 4 or 5 times
• 6 or 7 times
• 8 or 9 times
• 10 or 11 times
• 12 or more times

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CA, DE, ID, IL, KS, KY, MA, ME, MT, NM, NC, Oakland, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VA, VT, WI

Academic grades of high school students during the past year

Homeless grades n= 359,325

Housed grades n= 4,428,864

During the past 12 months, how would you describe your grades in school?

• Mostly A’s
• Mostly B’s
• Mostly C’s
• Mostly D’s
• Mostly F’s
• None of these grades
• Not sure

Sites included in analysis: AK, AR, CA, Cleveland, CO, CT, DE, DeKalb County, HI, ID, IL, KS, KY, Los Angeles, MA, ME, MT, NC, NH, NM, Oakland, PA, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, VA, VT, WI